Acute abdominal compartment syndrome as a complication of Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: a case report

BACKGROUND In 1996, Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate was introduced and has been shown to be safe and highly effective. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a rare complication that resulted in intra-abdominal compartment syndrome with prolonged intubation and intensive care, involving an 74-year-old male after holmium laser enucleation of prostate, with a massive irrigant fluid leakage into the retroperitoneal space. The elevated abdominal pressure was reduced by forced diuresis. The tracheal tube was removed 18 hours after the patient's transfer to the ICU. The patient was discharged to home one week after the operation. CONCLUSION In rare cases when no obvious ruptures of the prostate capsule or the bladder occur during laser enucleation of prostate, knowledge regarding possible emersion of massive amounts of irrigant fluid into the retroperitoneal space leading to intra-abdominal compartment syndrome aids in the diagnosis and subsequent successful therapy of intra-abdominal hypertension.